A Descriptive Guide San Diego Exposition

A DESCRIPTIVE GLIDE

■j SAN Dl EGO i"
EXPOSITION

i

K'ALYPTUS TREES, SAN DIEGO EXPOSITION

GAPE OP WORLD

HOUSE OF HOSPITALITY

AVENUE OI PALACES. SAN DIEGO EXPOSITION

America's Exposition

The Exposition grounds occupy 300 acres in beautiful Balboa
Park, famous as one of the five most beautiful parks in the
world. This park is the center-point of San Diego and covers an
area of more than 1,400 acres of mesa broken by canadas. It is
bounded on the east by Park Boulevard, on the West by Sixth
Street, on the South by Date Street, and on the North by Upas
Street.

In 1915, the Panama California Exposition was held in this
same park.

All of the permanent buildings of that Exposition, which are
of Spanish Renaissance and Spanish Colonial design, are utilized
as exhibit palaces in this Exposition. Added to these are many
new structures, bringing the total number of buildings to more
than 100.

The architecture of the Exposition had its origin in Mexico
which developed a type of Spanish colonial adapted to the cli¬
mate and gayety of temperament of Mexico. A wonderful archi¬
tecture developed in Mexico exemplified in their cathedrals,
public buildings and palaces of the great families. This archi¬
tecture responded to Aztec and Mayan influences in the develop¬
ment of Baroque ornamentation. Aztec and Mextizo artisans
were capable of most intricate carvings and were wont to adorn
the surfaces of blank walls with spots of luxuriant ornament.
Polychrome tile, rich fabrics, the painting and gilding of sculp¬
ture characterized their work. This combined Mexican, Aztec
and Mayan influence inspired the architecture of the
Exposition.

The new buildings of the Exposition are located mainly on the
Palisades and include the Palaces of Electricity, Transportation,
California State, the Federal Building and the Motion Picture
Museum. These buildings are a combination of the two oldest
and most typically American schools of architecture, the ancient
Mayan and Indian Pueblo. Planes, heavy overhanging
cornices and a rounded treatment of all corners are featured
throughout. The buildings present a picture of startling sim¬
plicity. Vast, unbroken surfaces, absence of detail or angles give
a completed picture that is close to the primitive-American.

To accomplish color and decoration the architects utilized
living plants and flowers. The buildings derive decorative effects
through variegated shadings of living plants as they climb or
cluster across the plain faces of the structure or trail from
cornices and floral troughs beneath the roofs.

T hus the Palace of Electricity takes its color scheme from
the compensating greens and lavenders of trailing lantana; the
Palace of Transportation features the brilliant yellow and green
of the climbing ice plant.

DESCRIPTIVE

GUIDE BOOK

of the

CALIFORNIA-PACIFIC

International Exposition

at

SAN DIEGO
CALIFORNIA

1935

Published by

AMERICAN AUTOCHROME CO
300 West Grand Avenue
CHICAGO

CABRILLO BRIDGE

The western approach to the Exposition grounds is over the
Cabrillo Bridge to the arched gateway of Science Tower. Cab-
rillo Bridge crosses Cabrillo Canyon, one of the arroyos that cut
deep gashes into Balboa Park. The bridge with its approaches
is 1505 feet long and has a span of 450 feet and a height above
Laguna del Puente of 110 feet. In the lagoon are water lilies,
rushes, pampas grass and bamboo. Beautiful lawns, trees, shrubs,
and luxuriant foliage characterize the park west of the Bridge.
Slender Italian cypresses mark the approaches to the bridge and
groves of Acacia Bailbyana clothed in spring with aromatic
plumes of golden yellow embower the entrance to Science
Tower.

TOWER OF THE SCIENCE OF MAN

The Palace of the Science of Man was the California building
at the Exposition of 1915-16 and is considered to be one of the
finest examples in the United States of Spanish Colonial archi¬
tecture. The approach to Science Tower over Cabrillo bridge is
compared to the approach to Toledo over the river Tagus. The
Tower is the outstanding architectural feature of the Exposition,
its warm grey belfry stories rising 200 feet to a tiled dome with
a wrought iron weather vane. The tower gleams in glazed and
colored tile, its walls of warm grey reflecting the sun.

Science Hall has a facade rich with broken mouldings and
crowded with ornaments like the cathedral fronts of old Mexico.
The sculpture of the frontispiece is the work of Furio and Picci-
rillo and composes an historical hall of fame. The rich, exotic
Churrugueresque carvings frame figures of the discoverers and
founders of San Diego and California and their sponsors. The
figures are those of Father Junipero Serra, Cabrillo, Vizcaino,
Father Jayme, first martyr of the San Diego mission, Father
de la Ascension who accompanied Vizcaino, Vancouver, first
English navigator to enter San Diego Bay, Portola, the first
Spanish governor, and Charles V and Philip II of Spain. In the
design of the frontispiece are incorporated the coats of arms of
Spain, Mexico, Portugal and the United States and the con¬
ventionalized state seal.

The Hall of Science is in the form of a Greek Cross and sug¬
gests a cathedral. The dome is embellished with a rich mosaic
of tile in gold, blue, green, yellow, jet black and white. Surmount-
ing the dome is a lantern of rare beauty. In many respects the
building suggests the historical cathedral at Oaxaca, Mexico.
1 he late Bertram Goodhue was the architect.

— 6 —

Viewed from the gardens in the rear are seen low domed
pavilions ir. the angles of the transepts and the half dome of the
apse covered with colored tile.

St. Francis Chapel is in the Hall of Science and many blushing
brides and bridegrooms have been married before the beautiful
altar and reredos. Elaborately modeled, gilded and colored, the
reredos extends from the crown of the barrel vault of the shallow
chancel. A carved statue of Our Lady and Child^ brought
from Mexico, occupies a place of honor. On the right is a statue
of San Diego de Alcala.

SAN DIEGO MUSEUM

To the right of the tower is a quadrangle enclosing a court.
The western entrance to the Exposition is through an archway
in the walls that suggests the gates of a Spanish fortress. This
quadrangle was the California building in 1915-16 and now
houses the permanent collections of the San Diego Museum.

The main floor of the building is devoted chiefly to Mexican
and Central American archaeology. Here are seen replicas of the
Mayan monuments, cast from the originals in the thick jungles
of Guatemala and Yucatan. These monuments, often weighing
several tons, are elaborately carved with hieroglyphics and por¬
traits of important personages and are especially fine examples
of the stone-cutting art, as they were made by a people possess¬
ing neither steel nor bronze. Among the reproductions of especial
note are a model of the palace of Uxmal, Yucatan, and another
of the Temple of Sacrifice of Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Here the
rites of human sacrifice were performed by the high priests of
the Mayas. Here too is a copy of the ancient Aztec calendar
stone and the very newest type of calendar produced by a San
Francisco firm, the Eternal Calendar Corp., 57 Post St.

Small clay and stone figurines, pottery and other ethnological
collections from the same region are also found here. On this
main floor are also the habitat groups, life sized models of In¬
dians in various occupations, mining and working copper, quarry¬
ing obsidian and stone, making arrowheads.

Jessop Archery

In the upper galleries is the Jessop archery collection, prob¬
ably the finest of its kind in the world, numbering 5,000 pieces
and containing comparative types of bows and arrows and other
weapons used in the far corners of the earth.

The collection offers bows, arrows, armor and shields from
such widely separated places as China, Burma. Korea, Japan,
Guinea, Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Germany and the vil¬
lages of the American Indian.

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'TDWEft AJND HOME OF SCIENCE OF MAN

SCULPTURED FACADE OF SCIENCE OF MAN

The tiny poisoned darts of the African pygmy tribes contrast
the mighty cross bows of German warriors of seven centuries
ago.

One of the outstanding weapons in this collection is a bow
originated and used by the giant Mongols who were ruled by
Ghengis Kahn. Of the reflex type, it requires a pull of 100 pounds
and can send an arrow 500 feet, or through a three-inch plank.

The main second floor exhibits are devoted to North America.
The balcony shows the Indians of southern California. This
collection is the most representative, authoritative and complete
one covering this territory and was made possible through the
receipt of government grants, in 1929 and 1930. Other second
floor exhibits represent Egypt, Greece, Asia and the South Seas.

MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY

The southern end of the quadrangle contains the Museum of
Anthropology. Here are shown in casts from living subjects the
various races of mankind, also the individual development from
childhood to old age. The life masks and busts are of male
and female American Indian, Eskimo, Mongolian, Maori, Malay,
Australian bushman, Negrito, Pygmy and Zulu.

An important section consists of plaster portraits and skeletal
casts of extinct prehistoric races of mankind.

Peruvian Trephining

The skill of ancient Peruvian surgeons is revealed in an in¬
triguing display of operative surgery, trephining, or removing a
piece of bone from the skull. This was performed by these abori¬
ginal surgeons with repeated success.

A comparison between the Peruvian skulls on display here,
and the medical records of the Civil war, indicates that the an¬
cient Peruvian surgeons were more successful in trephining than
the army surgeons during the Civil war.

Included among the skull exhibits is one with a bandage in
position, as left by one of the olden surgeons. The roll is cotton
gauze and resembles modern surgical gauze iji texture.

More than 60,000 specimens of stone tools are housed in the
anthropology wing of the museum, adjacent to the exhibit on
the evolution of man.

More than 100 stone tools, some of which are 200,000 years old
were recently added to the permanent collections. Included are
those of the Cromagnon, Neanderthal, Piltdown and Neolithic
species. They were obtained from the Field museum, Chicago.

— 10 —

SCIENCE HALL

Science Hall on the north side of Avenida de los Palacias
fronts on Plaza de la Pacifico. The frontispiece of this tower is
taken from the church of San Francisco in Pueblo. This wing
has two flanking bays projecting over the Portales and enclosing
a Patio. From one corner rises a stair turret, Moorish in charac¬
ter, its top bright with black and yellow tiles. At each end of the
patio a faun spurts water from his mouth into a pool of feathery
bamboos and magnolias. At the southeast corner of the patio is a
picturesque balcony high up on the bare expanse of wall with
iron grills and rich sculpture.

Bell Telephone

In a specially constructed section of the Palace of Science is a
series of exhibits of the American Telephone and Telegraph Co.,
brought here from the Bell Telephone laboratories.

These include the “speech invertor” by means of which the
speaker’s voice is “scrambled” into a meaningless jumble, apply¬
ing the general principle of telegraphic and radio code to the
spoken word, and then delivering the speech, after “unscramb¬
ling” it, in proper manner to the receiver.

Another of these telephonic wonders is the oscilloscope, a de¬
vice that reproduces sound in light waves across a darkened
screen, affording each visitor an opportunity to “see” his own
voice.

A third interesting device is the magnetic recorder, whereby
telephonic conversation is recorded on ordinary telephone wire
instead of employing records or sound films.

Monte Alban Jewels

One of the most valuable exhibits in the entire Exposition is
that of the Monte Alban jewel treasures, presented by the Mexi¬
can government. Heavy golden rings and necklaces and crystal
cups found by archaeologists in an ancient tomb at Oaxaca, Mex.

Palace of Photography

The eastern end of this hall is called the Palace of Photo¬
graphy. Here is held the Fifth International Salon of Photo¬
graphy, staged under the auspices of America’s Exposition, the
Camera Enthusiasts and Pictorialists of San Diego.

Distinguished boards of judges will make awards in the var¬
ious groups which include pictorial, scientific, natural color,
transparencies, professional portraiture and commercial photo¬
graphy.

This salon is regarded as the most important event of its kind
to be held in the United States this year. Gold and silver medals
and ribbons will be awarded in all classes by John Sirigo, official
photographer of the Exposition.

— li —

PALACE OF PHOTOGRAPHY, BY NIGHT

ALCAZAR GARDENS

These gardens are between San Diego Museum and the House
of Charm with a pergola facing on the Avenue of Palaces. They
are a reproduction of a section of the gardens of the Aloazar in
Seville, Spain, and are ablaze with beautiful blooms. From the
Gardens, a rustic bridge leads to the million-dollar Spreckels
outdoor organ, the Ford Palace and the Music Bowl. Sight¬
seers find this rustic bridge affords easy access to every part of
the Exposition grounds.

HOUSE OF CHARM

The House of Charm adjoins the Tower of Science and is
joined to it by a delightful pergola. This was the Russia and
Brazil building in 1915-16. Its main facade is on Plaza de los
Estados and consists of a central arch flanked by two bell gables
resembling the Sanctuaria de Guadalajara in Mexico. Between
the Children’s Palace and Science Tower are the beautiful Al¬
cazar Gardens. The entrance to these gardens is at the north east
corner. Here is a carmelite belfry and beyond it is the tiled
domed tower of the building in yellow and blue. The gardens
overlook Canada de las Palmas.

In the field of fashion and beauty aids, women will discover a
wealth of exhibits at the House of Charm. She will want to see
the demonstrations of cosmetics, coiffeurs; study the latest in
gowns, furs, shoes, novelties; view the animated pictures that
are offered daily in the auditorium. The parades of beautiful
girls, adorned in the latest frocks, and the moving picture shows
will attract both sexes.

PALACE OF FINE ARTS

Facing on the Plaza del Pacifico is the beautiful Palace of Fine
Arts which first opened its doors on Feb. 28, 1926. William
1 empleton Johnson, architect, designed the Palace. Ornamenta¬
tion of this building belongs to the Plateresque period of Spanish
renaissance, many of its main features finding antecedents in the
University of Salamanca, Spain.

From the facade of the palace, the stone faces of Cabrillo, Vis-
caino, Portola and Vancouver, doughty explorers of bygone cen¬
turies, gaze out over Balboa park. Just above the doorway is a
shell, designed to honor the memory of St. James (San Diego),
whose body, according to ancient legend, was deposited by the
sea on the shores of Spain.

On one side of the shell is a figure modeled after Michel¬
angelos statue of David; while on the other side is a reproduc¬
tion of Donatello’s Statue of St. George, who slew the dragon.

Above are two small ships representing vessels in which Col¬
umbus sailed from Europe to discover the new world. In circles
above the ships are the busts of Ribera and El Greco, founders
of that school of painting that produced those great artists,

\ elasquez, Zurbaran and Murillo, whose statues appear in the
three niches.

-14-

In the next panel above are the coat-of-arms of the United
States flanked by those of the Kingdom of Spain and the State
of California. Above is the head of Father Junipero Serra.

In the first room of the building you find a combination of
laces and fabrics of all sorts, with glass and ceramic ware. The
central feature is a glorious Flemish Renaissance tapestry,
wherein the Queen of Sheba and her retinue arrive to meet King
Solomon.

One of the unique treasures consists of four panels of lace
specimens: Venetian rose point, French point d’Alencon, Flem¬
ish Mechlin work, Irish crochet, Buckingham all pillow-made
lace, and several of the best types from old Spain.

An assemblage of mediaeval and other old decorative furni¬
ture and artistic furnishings comprise a magnificent arrangement
in gallery No. 2. It might be called the room of the Spanish
Retable of St. John.

The Oriental room contains an almost unique group of some
35 objects of glazed pottery from Old Korea.

In the Palace of Fine Arts, special stress is laid on the best
work of the greatest Spanish artists. Paintings by El Greco,
whose best work was done in Spain, after his successive emigra¬
tions from Greece and Italy; by the de Zubiaurres, deaf and
dumb Basque brothers, whose work will live as long as art
endures; by Sorolla, Zuloago and other great Spanish artists
attest the appreciation of the Exposition art directorate of this
school of painting. Beautifully painted is the Spanish scene
called “Daughter Maria in the Gardens of La Granja,” by
Sorolla.

Another Spanish painting of international fame is Zuloaga’s
full-length portrait of “Antonio La Galega” in her dress of
violet-black and silver and of deep rose red. The other well-
known masterpieces by the Basque, Valentin de Zubiaurre, are
of the old “Golden Wedding” couple and “Abuelos,” (Grand¬
parents).

The great art of Spain, Flanders, Germany, France, Italy, Hol¬
land and England awaits you in the second of the two largest
galleries in the building. Saints, members of royalty and other
secular figures by El Greco, Coello, Rubens and Zurbaran of
Spain; “The Holy Family,” by Rubens, and a “Mystic Mar¬
riage of St. Catherine,” by an unknown Fleming; a colorful
Saxon Courtier, by Cranach of Germany; landscapes by Corot
and Courbet, religious altarpieces from Old Italy, and figures by
Maes, the Dutch friend of Rembrandt, and by Sir William
Beechey of England.

ARTISTS OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST

In that group will be found the work of Albert Bierstadt, Toby
Rosenthal, Thomas Hill, Maurice Braun and William Keith. The
German born Bierstadt’s “In the Yosemite Valley” has been
borrowed from the New York Public Library for the duration
of the Exposition. Rosenthal’s “Painting of the Cardinal’s Por-

— 15 —

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PALACE OF FINE ARTS

ARCO DEL PORVENIR THE ARCH OF THE FUTURE, ON PLAZA

trait,” subject of much critical acclaim, is also hung in the
Palace of Fine Arts. Maurice Braun has made the Southern
California scene the locale for many of his effective landscapes.
A number of these are the permanent property of the San
Diego gallery. William Keith, best known for his “Golden Cali¬
fornia” is also well represented. Modern Americans include
George Luks, Winslow Homer, George Bellows and Robert
Henri in addition to the Western artists already mentioned.

CAFE OF WORLD

The Cafe of World is at the northeast corner of Plaza de la
Pacifico and was the Pan Pacific building in 1915-16. Its ornate
architecture suggests the urban palaces of the City of Mexico
and recalls the house of the Counts of Heras in that city. The
two symmetrical corner towers of the Cafe of World and House
of Hospitality facing each other across the Avenue of Palaces
are modelled after that of the Palace of Monterey at Salamanca.
The arcades of the Cafe are beautifully adorned with trailing
brilliant bougainvillea and other vines.

HOUSE OF HOSPITALITY

The House of Hospitality resembles the Hospital of Santa
Cruz at Toledo, Spain. Emblazoned on its exterior walls, its
corner tower and arcades are the coats of arms of the countries
of the Pan-American Union. This was the foreign arts building
in 1915-16.

Visiting dignitaries will be received and entertained in the
House of Hospitality, one of the most sumptuously furnished
buildings in the Exposition grounds. The building houses studios
of the interior decorators and artists who created displays and
exhibits for the Exposition. In this building, too, there is an
auditorium of 600 capacity for movies, music and plays.

Visitors will find pleasant spots in which to rest in the several
lounges and on the roof garden, and there are banquet halls,
private dining rooms and a bar.

There is a public cafe and outdoor dining terraces in and
around the building. This building, too, serves as headquarters
for the federations of state societies.

Important rooms in the House of Hospitality, on both the
first and second floors, open onto an arcade overlooking the
inner court which was copied after the famous convent patio of
Guadalajara, Maxico. The centerpiece of the central fountain of
this patio is a statue cut from a 1600-pound block of limestone by
Donal Hord. The figure is that of an Indian girl, seated, with an
olla in her lap from which the water falls into the pool below.

—18 —

Through the frescoed arches in the rear of the House of Hos¬
pitality appear the terraced paths and verdure of the famous
Casa del Rey Moro gardens of Ronda, Spain.

This is the finest small garden in all of Spain, with its ala¬
baster fountain, grotto, lily pond, quaint old well, seats and
pergolas.

BOTANICAL BUILDING

One of the most popular attractions of the Exposition is the
Botanical Building and the Lagoon variously called Lagunade
las Flores and Laguna de la Espejo but whether you call it the
Lagoon of the Flowers or Lagoon of the Mirror it is a Lagoon
of Beauty. It lies between the Cafe of the World and the Palace
of Foods and leads to the Botanical Palace. From the Cafe and
the Food Palace little corner pavilions in Spanish renaissance
style with baroque sculpture border the lagoon. In the lagoon
the vegetation increases in density to a tropical luxuriance at
the upper end. Its edges are bordered with intensely blue lobelia
lilies. Around the pool are grouped blackwood acacia, grevillia,
camphor, araucaria, eucalyptus and lotus.

The botanical palace is a high, arched structure of steel arches
with red wood lath covering. In the rear is a glass house. It con¬
tains a great number of specimens of tropical and semi-tropical
plants, palms, bamboo, banana and South American tropical
ferns, vines, tree ferns, crotons and dracaenas.

PALACE OF BETTER HOUSING

The Palace of Better Housing is connected with the House
of Hospitality by a tile covered corridor joining the arcades.
The architecture of the Palace reminds one of the Casa Consis-
torial at Palma, Majorca, Spain. In the cornices of the roof is
the brilliance of bright blue, red, green and gold in soffit frieze.
This building was the Canadian building in 1915-16. Along the
west side of the palace is a walk skirting the edge of a deep
canyon lined with eucalyptus and pepper trees.

In the 36,200 square feet of floor space of the Palace of Better
Housing are gathered hundreds of exhibits which have to do
with real estate development, home ownership, home building
and the many types of architecture, construction and building
supplies.

One of the most interesting exhibits is that of the F. J. Han¬
sen Company, Ltd., real estate and land developers of La Mesa
and San Diego, Calif. This company is showing a moving pic¬
ture which tells the story of the building of California from the
day of the landing of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo at San Diego.
The movie is shown in their exhibit in the Palace of Better
Plousing throughout the Exposition.

— 19 —

BOTANICAL BUILDING AND LAGOON OF THE MIRRORS

It tells the story of the struggles of Father Junipero Serra,
founder of the chain of missions in California, the first of which
was built and still may be seen in San Diego.

In contrast with the first irrigation ditch built by the Indians
under direction of the gray-robed padres, the picture shows San
Diego’s vast water supply system.

Likewise, it contrasts the crooked burro trails of the early
days with modern broad highways.

Another interesting feature of this exhibit is an animated
display of the operation of a modern avocado farm.

Among the exhibitors in the building are: Bowers Manufac¬
turing Company, Inc., Naomi E. Cleaves, Church of Jesus Christ
Latter Day Saints, F. E. Compton & Company, Encyclopedia
Brittanica Pacific Coast Division, Goodwill Industries, Anna
Ketonen, Nassau Pen and Pencil Company, W. F. Quarrie &
Company, Rosicrucian Fellowship, the Salvation Army, Mrs. J.
W. Ware, Western Union.

Foreign Antique and Art Company, Bowen Unique Handi¬
craft, Bookhouse for Children, Gefroj Studio, I. Jacobson, Pacific
Union Conference Seventh Day Adventists, Standard Sanitary
Manufacturing Company, Ganna Walska-Jules Riviere Parfum,
Morbeck of London, England.

The Radio Building is adjacent to the Palace of Better Hous¬
ing and Exposition features are broadcast from there.

FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION

In the beautiful glade immediately south of the Palace of
Better Housing the federal government has a visual exhibit,
showing the great benefits and opportunities offered by the FHA.

Modernization Magic

The first phase of the FHA exhibit is described as “Moderni¬
zation Magic,” a dramatization of improving of buildings under
maximum loans of $2000.

This presentation consists of a community of about 30 build¬
ings, antiquated, poorly designed and in need of repairs.

In the space of 10 minutes, by dramatized mechanical opera¬
tions,‘the village will change from a dilapidated and antiquated
town into a highly modernized and improved community.

Modeltown

Another phase is the presentation of “Modeltown,” a com¬
munity of 56 miniature model homes, designed to show the new¬
est and best types of residential construction.

There are 24 one-story houses and 24 two-story houses of
varied architectural style and plan, depicting a construction cost
range from $300 to $7000. There are several steel houses and a
group of modern type. Sidewalls include wood siding, shingles,

— 22 —

stucco, brick, concrete and steel. Roofs are of shingle, tile and
other materials.

Suggested floor plans for all the houses are displayed for study
by visitors.

It is the largest and most comprehensive exhibit ever con¬
ceived or contemplated by the Better Housing program of the
Federal Housing Administration.

PALACE OF FOODS AND BEVERAGES

The Palace of Foods and Beverages is one of the largest
buildings of the Exposition. Its facade on the Avenue of Palaces
is a two story arcade between flanking pavilions suggesting 18th
century architecture at Queretero. The east front on the Avenue
of Nations has a chapel facade with two flanking bell towers and
elaborate frontispiece domed with tile and iron finials. The build¬
ing is polygonal like a great convent with its apse projecting
into the botanical gardens. At the south side of the choir is a little
patio recessed into the building. The sanctuary entrance is at the
apse with choir and bell turret above. In the chapel is a memorial
to Father Junipero Serra.

It is a one-story structure with three floor levels, connected
by ramps.

The greatest assemblage of food and beverage exhibits ever
shown under one roof is exhibited in this building. Everything
which has to do with those two subjects, from the newest patent¬
ed can opening gadget to the marvels of multi-operations in the
bottling industry will be demonstrated here.

In one corner is a complete cake baking operation. In another
is the whirring machinery of a Coca Cola bottling plant, capable
of producing a filled and ready-to-market bottle every second.
The newest method of canned foods packing methods are demon ,
strated. In fact, everything pertain’ng to the two principal neces¬
sities of mankind’s life—food and drink—are attractively pre¬
sented in this building.

Coca Cola

Conspicuously placed at the main entrance so as to be
plainly visible immediately upon entrance, is a “Fountain of
Light.” The “water” falls in graceful curves through successive
silver basins to be finally quartered and sprayed by four silver
dolphins into urns set for it upon the corners of the service bar.
where bottled Coca-Cola is sold. The “water” is moulded from a
mesh set with multitudinous crystals, and is lighted from within
by incandescent lamps so flashed as to reproduce perfectly the
illusion of flowing water.

Standard Brands

Dioramas and models are used to carry the story of the Stan-

— 23 —

PAL,ACE OF FOOD BETTER HOMES

LAGOON OP THE FLOWERS. SAN DIEGO EXPOSITION

GOLDEN GULCH

dard Brand products directly to the housewives of the world
and, at the same time, demonstrate to grocers and bakers the
most effective way of presenting them to the public. In addition
the company furnishes stage entertainment. Among the com¬
pany’s leading brands are: Fleischmann’s Yeast, Chase and
Sanborn’s dated coffee, Tenderleaf Tea, Royal Baking Powder
and Royal desserts.

AVENUE OF PALACES

The Avenue of Palaces is the main boulevard of the Exposi¬
tion and extends from the east entrance on Park Boulevard to the
west entrance at Cabrillo Bridge, nearly 700 yards in length.
Lining it are the Palace of Science, House of Charm, House of
Hospitality, Cafe of World, Foods and Beverages, Modern
Homes and Natural History. It is a broad esplanade with rows of
pleached Blackwood acacia trees set in formal order. Banked
against the arcades and face of buildings are shrubs, vines and
flowering plants. Arched arcades or portales in Spanish colonial
style adorn the facades of the palaces and vine covered pergolas
connecting the arcades form delightful promenades and retreats
for sightseers.

PALACE OF NATURAL HISTORY

The first building encountered at the east plaza entrance is the
Palace of Natural History. This building is of reinforced concrete
construction, Spanish colonial design of restricted baroque orna¬
ment. It contains two floors and basement and a large laboratory.

This splendid new museum was first thrown open to the pub¬
lic in January, 1933. The San Diego Society of Natural History,
which operates the museum, is the oldest scientific organization
in southern California and the second oldest in the west, having
been incorporated on Oct. 9, 1874.

Once inside the door you will at once find yourself in a bower
of living beauty; for here, right at the entrance, has purposely
been placed the museum’s display of California wild flowers.
Charming fresh flower tables, bearing living blooms that are con¬
stantly replaced, stand on either side of the doorway.

The ground floor contains the representations of the earth and
“the waters under the earth.” Here are the minerals, fossils,
fishes, whales and such creeping things as the reptiles and
amphibians.

The floor above, or main floor, is primarily devoted to those
two great groups which are the most popular in the minds of the
public, the birds and the mammals.

The top floor includes the botanical displays, the butterflies
and insects of many varieties, and also certain other features.

Although there are 876 specimens of mounted birds on exhibi¬
tion, there are 11,500 birds in the research collection. Similarly,

— 18 —

of mammals, the ratio is 277 to 9250; of insects, 1700 to 165,000;
plants, 1559 to 14,500; reptiles, 181 to 5458, and shells, 4700 to
115,000.

Civilian Conservation Corps. The important work of the Civil¬
ian Conservation corps is presented in the Palace of Natural His¬
tory, and occupies about 5000 square feet of space. The outdoor
and forestry aspects of CCC work align themselves effectively
with the exhibits already installed in this palace.

Lost Continent of Mu

The 13,000-year-old mystery and romance of the lost continent
of Mu has once again spurred the interest of seekers after hidden
knowledge with the display of a unique hydrographic relief map,
which is a feature of the museum. Four years were required to
gather data for this map, the only one of its kind in existence.

It shows the way the Pacific Ocean would appear if it were
waterless. The topographical features of the ocean bed were
ascertained by 17,239 separate sonic soundings, made by the
crew and scientific staff of the U. S. S. Ramapo, under direction
of Captain Claude Banks Mayo, U. S. N. From 1929 to 1933 the
naval vessel operated over a 7’,000-mile stretch from the Califor¬
nia coast to Manila.

Two extraordinarily deep spots, where the world’s highest
peak, Mt. Everest, could be submerged and have several thou¬
sand feet of water above, were discovered. One is Nero Deep and
the other is Ramapo Deep, named for the ship of the expedition.

The map also reveals a deep continental shelf on the coasts
of Asia and North America. The floor of the ocean near North
America is comparatively smooth, but in the part closest to
Asia it shows a more broken condition. Ravine-like formations
and mountains are frequent there.

The hypothesis that once there may have been a bridge of
land from China to the coast of Mexico is strengthened some¬
what by the contours of this reproduction.

The lost continent of Mu, which presumably existed thirteen
thousand years ago, covering a great portion of what is now the
south Pacific, according to many scientific authorities, had its
northernmost boundary in what is now the Hawaiian Islands. It
was north of New Zealand and northeast of Australia. Its area
ranged 3,000 miles from north to south, and 5,000 miles east to
west.

The hydrographic process of “sonic sound ng” is an outgrowth
of World War days. Its principle, as contrasted to the earlier
method of cable sounding, is based on sound impulses projected
to the ocean’s depths by means of an oscillator.

— 27 —

AVENUE OF NATIONS

This broad thoroughfare nearly half a mile long, runs fro-m
the northern gateway of the Fair at the Taos Pueblo through the
area of the Zoological Park, the Amusement Zone and the Span¬
ish Village to its junction with the Avenue of Palaces at the
Food Palace and Natural History Museum. It-is 75 feet wide
and is banked through the Amusement Zone by a gorgeous ave¬
nue of flags.

PLAZA DEL PACIFICO

The Plaza del Pacifico, a huge quadrangle fronting the mag¬
nificent Palace of Fine Arts on one end and abutting the Plaza
del los Estados on the other—which latter plaza faces the
Spreckels outdoor organ—is the center point of the Exposition
grounds. Marking the center dividing line between the two plazas
is a pedestal mounted figure, wrought in bronze, of El Cid, Spain’s
greatest national hero, astride his snorting steed, holding aloft
in his grasp the banner of his realm.

TAOS PUEBLO

At the extreme northern limit of the Exposition grounds is
the huge Indian village. Exact reproductions of Zuni and Taos
pueblos with tier upon tier of dwellings in the impressive stone
structures. These pueblos are accessible only by ladders resting
on the outer walls.

In this unique exhibit scores of southwestern Indians carry on
their daily communal life—weaving baskets and rugs and fash¬
ioning pottery, weapons and jewelry.

Visitors have an opportunity here to see certain of the relig¬
ious rites and ceremonial dances of the tribes. One of the build¬
ings in the Village houses a Taos kiva, an underground chamber
where the most solemn celebrations and councils of the tribe are
held. No Indian woman may enter the kiva, but white visitors
are allowed inside. Entrance to this dark chamber is by a ladder
leading down from an opening in the roof.

Representatives of every tribe in the southwest—Hopi, Moqui,
Ute, Mission, Navajo, Apache and dozens of others perform their
centuries-old ceremonials and dances; wholly religious in charac¬
ter or nearly so. Their matrimonial, funeral and burial rites, their
customs and culture are depicted faithfully and vividly.

Since 1920 the Indian village has been used as headquarters
for the San Diego Area council, Boy Scouts of America, an or¬
ganization with a membership for the last year of over 3,500.
Camping facilities have been created here for the 70 Scout troops
of the city and county as well as for visiting Scouts from all over
the United States and from all parts of the world during the
Exposition.

— 80 —

SPANISH VILLAGE

North of the Avenue of the Palaces and on the Avenue of Na¬
tions lies the Spanish Village, the largest village of its kind ever
built for an American exposition. More than 40,000 individual
mission tiles were used to roof its many buildings which cover
about 90,000 square feet.

The cheerfully picturesque and informal architecture of Spain
—squat arches, antique wood beams, sturdy buttresses and cor¬
bels—predominates. Quaint wishing wells are scattered about,
backed by olive trees and surrounded by a riot of colorful
blooms. Gay flowers in pots hang from the walls.

Brilliant hued awnings, lamps of wrought iron and hand-made
tiles add to the general color scheme.

The open-faced stalls in the inviting courts offer all manner of
interesting bits of old and modern world merchandise.

In the spacious patio restaurant there is a wishing well copied
from one in the house of Conde Rule at Valencia. There the visit¬
or finds Spanish dishes, appetizingly served.

One of the most beautiful spots in the Spanish Village is the
north portal, inspired by the Puerta del Castillo de Siguenza.
Clustered around the base of its tower and bordering a little
plaza, with seats and a central fountain, are a few small shops
such as might grow up outside the city gates of any Spanish
town, olive trees and potted flowers everywhere add color to the
scene.

Situated in the gardens is the Japanese tea room where deli¬
cious brews and stimulating tea and rice cakes are served by
quaintly garbed Japanese girls.

The art and culture of old Spain and Mexico, the products,
commodities, interests, methods and customs of the peoples are
shown. Beautiful senoritas perform the dances of their native
countries and sombreroed senors demonstrate their skill in art-
craft and industries.

AMUSEMENT ZONE

This section—The Midway—is a kaleidoscopic city of merry¬
making. The Midway is 1,200 feet long and 350 feet deep with a
40-foot pavement. The 2,400 feet of frontage presents every con¬
ceivable type of architecture. The attractions in the Amusement
Zone are valued at more than $1,500,000.

Midget City and Midget Farm

The fabled travels of Gulliver never led him to a more bizarre
land than the Midget City and the Midget Farm, .a modern com¬
munity of more than 100 Lilliputians.

Built to doll house scale, the bungalows, hotel, restaurant,
telegraph office, gas station, grocery and butcher stores and the
office of the “Midget City News” are designed to accommodate
the stride and reach of this clan of little people, whose ages
range from 18 to 60 years, who are as short as 18 inches and
many of whom weight less than 20 pounds.

THE SPANISH VILLAGE

One of the world’s smallest and most famous couples are resi¬
dents of Midget City. They are Captain Werner, 18 inches tall,
weight 19 pounds and 22 years of age, from Berlin, Germany,
and his fiancee, Margaret Ann Robinson of California, who tips
the scales at 18 pounds and is one inch taller than the Captain.
Miss Robinson is 18 years of age. Their betrothal was announ¬
ced in Chicago last year and their wedding will be solemnized
amid great pomp and ceremony at Midget City.

Midget farm is an entirely novel idea, designed along Spanish
colonial lines. A midget farmer and his wife and farm hands
operate this model establishment where midget cows, chickens,
hogs and horses are seen amid midget fields producing midget
corn and grain. In a midget shed are housed the tiny parade
wagons and buggies once owned by the famous Tom Thumb.

Midget City is in the center of the midway and Midget farm
about one block north.

Days of Saladin is an equine display featuring 14 blooded
Arabian horses from the W. K. Kellogg ranch at Pomona, Calif.
Frank Binninger is producing this show.

Charles Gay, internationally known trainer of circus and mo¬
tion picture lions presents on the east side of the Midway a
replica of his famous Gay’s Lion Farm at El Monte, Cal. Thirty
or more lion cubs, others with their mothers and a few cage ani¬
mals are shown along with famous movie lion actors and
actresses.

Venetian Glass Blowers

On the Midway, opposite Midget City, the historic atmos¬
phere of Venice, city of canals, is transplanted to the Exposition,
with Italy’s royal glass blowers demonstrating the genius which
has won them acclaim throughout the world.

For more than 50 years, the Venice & Murano Co., owners of
the Royal Glass factory, have been demonstrating the skill and
outstanding craftsmanship of their workmen in Barbarigo palace
a magnificent structure fronting the Grand canal in Venice.

From the palace came the workmen to blow the molten glass
and fabricate the art products for which Venice is famous. The
Royal factory presents also a priceless collection of medieval and
modern glassware.

Other features include Miss America, Nudist colony, Flea Cir¬
cus, Sensations, Crime does not pay, Life, Two Headed Baby,
Snake Farm, Darkest Africa, Freak Animal show, Ripley’s Be¬
lieve It Or Not, Globe of Death, Laff in the Dark, Toyland,
Lens Wonders of the World, starring “Stella,” Loop-O-Plane,
Swooper Ride.

HOLLYWOOD POTTERIES

The Hollywood Potteries of Los Angeles constructed its own
exhibit building on the Avenue of Nations opposite the Spanish
Village, where the company shows the earliest methods of clay
products manufacture, along with the very newest and improved
manufacturing methods.

-SI-

ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS

The Zoological Gardens are opposite the Midget Farm. Hous¬
ing more than 2500 specimens, the zoo is second in importance
only to the Bronx Zoo in New York, and the Bronx Zoo leads
only in the number of animals. Many rare specimens are to be
found here. Mrs. Belle Benchley, curator of this zoo, is the only
woman zoo keeper in the world.

The open grottos for the bears and big cats, the high artificial
mounds built for the goats and sheep, are outstanding enclosures
which visitors to the grounds seem to consider the most remark¬
able and interesting.

In the grottoes are housed, beginning at the top of the canyon,
American brown and black bears, grizzly bears, a group of Gala¬
pagos fur seal, Kadiak bears, polar bears, Pribilof fur seal, Alas¬
kan black bears, Siberian bears, harbor seal, African lions, Cali¬
fornia sealions, tigers and ending with a group of elephant seal
from Guadalupe.

Animal Kindergarten

One of the outstanding features of the Zoo is the large number
of babies on display. This year, largely because of the great at¬
traction of baby animals, they are raising two families of baby
lions, a pair of Bengal t'gers, a trio of Siberian bear cubs, a
young ocelot born in the Zoo and countless baby deer, antelope,
buffalo, sheep and goats.

Among the new specimens added to the Zoo is the tapir, the
sloth, a pair of Pacific land otter, three Siberian bears, striped
hyena, Nubian ostrich, a male orangutan.

Highest Bird Cage in World

The Zoo has the highest bird cage in the world. It is 95 feet
high and 10-year old eucalyptus trees, Australian pines and aca¬
cias furnish natural nesting places and shelter for the birds of the
air, while low growing shrubs, caves and crevices in the cement
walls provide similar accommodations for the land birds. An-
hinga, flamingoes, cranes, ibis, all sorts and sizes of egrets,
herons, rails, gallinule, tree ducks, green pea fowl, and Austral¬
ian brush turkey; pigeons ranging from zebra doves to Victoria
crowned pigeon, and the Frigate birds, live in this cage, breed
and raise their young.

The floor of the cage drops with the side of the hill, over which
it is built, in a series of ledges with two good sized pools con¬
nected by a small rivulet. Man O’ War birds with five or six
feet wing spread, great egrets and roseate spoonbills fly in large
circles overhead, having actually sufficient room for perfect
soaring.

About 50 species of water turtle are displayed in a series of
pools ranging geographically from the snake-neck turtles of Aus¬
tralia across the American continent to mud turtles of Africa and
Europe and, in this group are representatives of practically all
of the American genera.

— 36 —

HOLLYWOOD BUILDING

Land tortoises vie in number of specimens with water turtles
and far outclass them in size, ranging from tiny box turtles
weighing a few ounces to a 500-pound Galapagos giant.

Mountain Gorillas

The Zoo has the only two mountain gorillas in captivity, the
pair brought back by Martin and Osa Johnson from the Belgian
Congo. These animals, only six years old, weight approximately
250 pounds each and are still growing. The Johnsons refused an
offer of $17,000 for them and sold them to the San Diego zoo
for $11,000 because of the perfect climatic conditions here and
the greater prospect the gorillas have for long lives in captivity.

SHELL OIL

The Shell Oil Exhibit Palace is devoted almost entirely to
travel information, graphically set before the visitors eyes bv>
use of a huge map, with vari-colored neon tubes forming the
principal highways. It is on the Avenue of Nations south of the
Spanish Village.

THE MODEL HOME

On the Avenue of Nations opposite the Southern limit of the
Amusement Zone is the $50,000 Model Home in a setting of
beautiful greensward. This is a completely furnished home which
will be given away at the close of the Exposition as the first
prize in a contest. Companies cooperating in making this exhibit
possible include: Washington Eiger Co., plumbing supplies;
the Masonite Corp., floor and wall board manufacturers; El Rey
Roofing Co., roofing; Price-Pfister Co. and Rheem Manufactur¬
ing Co., builders’ supplies and Barker Brothers, home furn¬
ishings.

SPRECKELS OUTDOOR ORGAN

On the south end of the main cross axis of the Exposition, fac¬
ing the Plaza de los Estados, is the outdoor organ.

Daily concerts are given at this organ. To care for the crowds,
the seating capacity was increased to accommodate 3500 persons.
The organ and colonades are the gift of John D. and Adolph B.
Spreckels, and are the work of Harrison Albright.

This organ is unique in that it is the first outdoor organ ever
erected anywhere. Several of the organ builders considered the
idea of an outdoor organ not feasible. It was built however by
Austin Bros., of Hartford, Conn.

The organ is the only outdoor organ used the year round in
the world. It is the wonderful climate of southern California that
makes this possible. As a striking testimony to the climatic ad¬
vantages of San Diego, carefully kept records from 1915 to the
present show an average of only 10 days each year when the or¬
gan cannot be used because of unfavorable weather.

— 38 —

The organ has four complete keyboards, together with the
usual pedal manual.

The organ pavilion, or peristyle, is of Spanish Colonial design
with a strong Grecian flavor.

The beauty of the peristyle has been enhanced by the addition
of a decorative garden wall, with a delightful baroque fountain.
This wall is done in stone, and is of Spanish design. It was in¬
spired by one in Chapultepec, Mexico.

HOUSE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS

The Exposition’s House of Pacific Relations is not a single
house, but a series of 15 attractive cottages designed after the
Latin Mediterranean style and arranged pleasingly around an
open glade. This group is just southwest of the great Spreckels
outdoor organ. The character of informality is suggested by
small private gardens, patios, courts, covered porches, fountains
and a wishing well copied from one in Ronda, Spain. Another
attractive feature is a rock bordered lily pond.

Each one of the fifteen haciendas is occupied by groups com¬
posed of people from various foreign lands. They include the
British Empire, Italy, Germany, Japan, Czecho-slovakia, Den¬
mark, Jugoslavia, Mexico, Cuba, Norway, China and Portugal.

These buildings were constructed by the Exposition and turn¬
ed over to the foreign participants for their use on the condition
that each nation will present a program of entertainment typical
of the homeland on two days during the Exposition period.
These programs will feature the folk songs and dances of distant
lands.

STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA

The Standard Oil building occupies a prominent position oppo¬
site the Ford Palace, on the quadrangle of the Palisades. The
architecture of the building is extremely modern. It is an “L”
shape, surmounted by a quarter circular tower. This tower ap¬
proximates 110 ft. in height and carries on three faces vertical
“Standard Oil” signs. The decorative scheme of the building is
a striking adaptation of early American forms, Mayan and Aztec.

This building forms a very important link in the pageant of
architecture which the exposition officials created in this quad¬
rangle. An extremely colorful edifice, it stands out as one of the
most beautiful and interesting creations of all. Seven large
murals, depicting typical western scenery are painted on the
exterior, enhancing the beauty of the building, and indicating the
theme of some of the exhibits inside.

The interior of the building is very finely finished and houses
many interesting exhibits devoted to Standard Oil products,
their uses, services, etc. The most important exhibit is one de¬
voted to travel, depicting specifically our western National
Parks.

— 89 —

TOWER OF

STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA

PALACE OF EDUCATION

Four important groups have exhibits in the Palace of Educa¬
tion; National Education Association, Congress of Parents and
Teachers’, California Teachers Association and the American
Association of University Women. Animated exhibits are fea¬
tured.

This was the New Mexico building in 1915-16. It has the irreg¬
ular wall and rough beam construction of the Pueblo Indians.
Two belfry towers flank the portal. A second story loggia or
tribune is over the entrances. Within is a galleried patio. The
carving of the wood work and fire places reproduce the ancient
work at Isleta and Acoma.

There are many large and small auditoriums in this building,
as well as exhibit space and smaller rooms, all built around a
central large hall which is dedicated to the fundamental ten¬
dencies of the progress of education.

A mural across the west wall, and a large central pool and
fountain, are features designed to produce certain aspects of
education.

The following special fields of education are stressed in the
exhibits of the Palace of Education: Art, music, visual, special,
homemaking, vocational, rural, college, university, continuation,
adult education for the deaf, the blind and the physically handi¬
capped, and vocational rehabilitation.

Child care and training are in the foreground, and every mod¬
ern method of instruction that has been tested and proved is
demonstrated in this comprehensive exhibit.

A most unusual exposition of public school education has been
outlined by the director of education, Mrs. Vesta C. Muehleisen,
under the general theme “Education for Good Life.” The large
central room, known as the “Theme Room,” portrays in an artis¬
tic and animated style the seven objectives of education. Beau¬
tiful dioramas and models give allegorical picturization of these
objectives which include culture, beauty, science, history, the
arts and play.

In connection with adult and continuation education, a nursery
school is being carried out, under well-qualified management and
is used by Dr. Gertrude Laws, bureau of parent education, as a
laboratory for work in parent education. This is one of the nur¬
sery school projects sponsored by the federal government and is
under direction of Mrs. Rebekah Earle, supervisor for this activ¬
ity in California, with Mrs. Ethel D. Mintzer serving as local ex¬
pert advisor.

— 42-

HOBBY CONTEST

An unusual feature is the exhibit of hobbies. One of the chief
factors in the determination of character is the wise use of leisure
time. In recognition of this fact, many school principals of the
state have been conducting home hobby contests or fairs in their
schools.

Supplementing this effort and as an additional stimulus thereto
a series of hobby contests or fairs were held in order to select a
hobby to represent each individual school in the Palace of Edu¬
cation. Prizes and medals will be awarded for the most unusual
hobby in all classes of entries, which are according to age, classi¬
fication and types of projects.

The California Pacific International Exposition which opened
in San Diego, California, on May 29, celebrates four centuries of
progress and achievement in the West, and marks a new era
of prosperity aptly expressed in such huge building programs
as Boulder Dam, the Grand Coulee power and irrigation pro¬
ject, the San Francisco trans-bay bridges, the All-American
Canal, and numerous other public and private works, totalling
billions of dollars in cost.

This Exposition tells the story of mankind’s restless urge
toward achievement from the time the high-sterned galleons of
luan Rodriguez Cabrillo sailed into San Diego Bay and claimed
Southern California for Spain, through the present, and gives a
glimpse into what the future promises.

PALACE OF WATER AND TRANSPORTATION

This building is on the Palisades across the way from the
Court of Pacific Relations. Fronting the palace is the beautiful
California Garden.

The building is rectangular in plan, spanned by 96-foot trusses
and providing 27,000 square feet of clear exhibition space. Great,
prow-shaped pylons suggesting, as the name of the building does,
the thought of travel and advancement, keynote the architecture
of this palace.

At the entrance to the building is a section of floor with a Vik¬
ing ship inlaid in terrazzo, with a great panel above the marquee
of the main doorway enriched with a mural of the phases of
transportation.

A spectacular story of mankind’s great advancement in trans-
portation facilities, beginning with the arrival in San Diego bay
of the Spanish galleons of Juan Rodriguez Caibrillo and on up
through the four centuries to the modern streamlined automo¬
biles are presented in the building.

In miniature are the toiling oxen of the early Californians next

— 43 —

FEDERAL

to the newest streamlined automobile. Clipper ships, which car¬
ried hides to the Atlantic seaboard rub gunwhales with modern
examples of ocean liners. Models of such trains as the Burling¬
ton’s “Zephyr” and the U. P. aluminum streamlined flyers will
frown haughtily upon the snail-paced wood burners.

Every phase of transportation and travel—train, ship, train-
and-plane, airplane, bus and automobile—are represented in the
many exhibits.

The vital progress of aviation in the last two decades is depict¬
ed in striking fashion. Comparison is offered by exhibits of early
flying machines and the latest productions of streamlined sky
cruisers. "I he keynote of this display carries out the air-con¬
sciousness of San Diego, pioneer aerie of the men who wing
across the skies and always leading with seven-league strides
toward the goal of aviation perfection.

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BUILDING

The Christian Science building is on the Palisades near the
Palace of Transportation. The exhibit and building represent an
investment of more than $20,000 by the Christian Scientists.
There is an exhibit of the Christian Science Monitor and the
building houses a Christian Science reading room and a com¬
plete display of the history of the Christian Science movement,
including the literature and writings of its founder, Mary Baker
Eddy.

FEDERAL BUILDING

The Federal Exhibit Palace cost $350,000 and contains exhibits
of more than 20 government departments. The building, itself,
is of unique Mayan design, said to be one of the finest of its type
ever developed. It is a class A structure with walls of reinforced
concrete. The building is 150 feet wide by 170 feet long.

In colorful Mayan design, the main entrance is adapted from
the palace of the governor of Uxmal. Opposite the main entrance,
a portico in Mayan detail leads to a garden, such as might have
been created in tropical America.

A unique feature of the building is the fact that it is window¬
less, the light coming from above. The exhibit space is occupied
by displays typical of government operations and the progress
over the past 400 years of democracy.

The postoffice department depicts the progress of mail service
in this country from the days of the pony express to the present.
The national museum (Smithsonian Institution) has an exhibit
of historical objects and relics related to the early days of the
southwest. The treasury department installed a coin machine to
show how money may be made.

— 46 —

CALIFORNIA STATE BUILDING

The California State building is immediately south of the
Motion Picture Museum. Attractive features of the building- are
the teriazzo panels at the entrance and four large panels in low
relief around the concave walls of the entrance pylon treatment.

The outstanding feature of this building is that its space was
made available to the counties of California without cost. The
building was built as an SERA project.

“California’s government at work’’ briefly describes the ex¬
hibitions and demonstrations installed in the building.

Dioramas show the two houses of the legislature in session,
the governor’s office, the work of highway maintenance and pa¬
trol, financial activities and the like. In addition, there are many
practical demonstrations of the state’s relation to its citizenry.
As an example, the many phases of natural resources conserva¬
tion are exhibited.

A great deal of space was allotted to the 58 countries of the
commonwealth to install exhibits emphasizing their attractive¬
ness from commercial, industrial and social viewpoints.

FIRESTONE SINGING COLOR FOUNTAIN

On the plaza of the Palisades section in front of the Ford
building and with the California State building and Palace of
Electricity to right and left is the magical Firestone Singing
Color Fountains. These fountains are the only spectacle of their
kind in the world. As concerts play day and night, their sprays
rise and fall with the notes of music and the colors on the water
synchronize with the tones ranging from blue on the bass notes
to vivid hues on the high ones.

This scientific engineering achievement is the result of years
of work by some of the world’s greatest electrical engineers and
scientists. The pool is 100 feet long and 15 feet wide, out of which
rise the dome-shaped mystic fountains, the powerful light rays
of varying hues penetrating the misty water, the diamond-like
spray shooting twenty feet in the air—all in tune with the music.
The ever-changing shots of colors, and the varying velocity of
the water, are in complete tune with the music that fills the air
from immense radio loud speakers hidden within the walls of
the building.

Concerts are given daily and include the highest type of vocal
and instrumental music.

— 47 —

FORD

FORI) BUILDING AND FIRESTONK SINGING COLORED FOUNTAIN

PALACE OF ELECTRICITY

SIGHT SEEING BUSES

Large, comfortable tractor-drawn semi-trailers, painted in
brilliant colors and each designed to accommodate 100 passen¬
gers furnish transportation within the grounds. Each of the
buses is named in Spanish, for a bird and painted in a color
scheme to correspond to its plumage. The names are “La Gol-
ondrina” (swallow); “El Loro” (parrot); “El Canario” (can¬
ary) ; “El Cardenal” (cardinal), and “La Paloma” (dove).

The Exposition section of the park is laid out in the form of
the letter “S” extending from northeast to southwest. The
Amusement Zone forms the top of the “S”, the middle section
being exhibit palaces, and the lower portion being devoted to
additional exhibit palaces and individual industrial buildings.

HOUSE OF MAGIC

The House of Magic in the Palace of Electricity, was chris¬
tened by Floyd Gibbons, noted war correspondent.

Gibbons, on a visit to the research laboratory of the General
Electric Company at Schenectady, N. Y., was so amazed at
scientific experiments with electricity performed there that he
subsequently alluded to it in a radio broadcast under that name.

Tne House of Magic, consisting of an exhibit of the experi¬
ments done in the research laboratories is part of a general
electrical display sponsored by the San Diego Gas and Electric
Co., the Southern California Edison Co., the Bureau of Power
and Light, City of Los Angeles, and California General Electric
Distributors.

In a theater, seating 300 persons, 30-minute stage presenta¬
tions are given demonstrating electrical science, applied in such
manner that spectacular effects are rendered clear to the lay¬
man. Lectui ers explain the experiments and a motion picture,
Interesting Highlights on the Science of Seeing,” show proper
types of illumination for reading.

A 5-minute program, featuring the General Electric Company’s
Talking Kitchen,” include a conversation carried on by three
appliances, a refrigerator, range and dishwasher.

Other features of ‘The House of Magic” are transmission of
music over a beam of light used in place of radio waves; corn
popped by means of radio waves without use of heat; a special
type of lamp called stroboscope” which enables the visitor to
see a piopellor actually rotating at 1,800 revolutions a minute
as though standing still, and a device called cathode ray oscillo¬
graph, which gives the spectator visual representations of sound.
R. L. Smallman, Schenectady, General Electric Co., engineer, is
in charge of the exhibit.

— 50 —

FORD BUILDING

The Ford exhibits are housed in a great circular building ris-
ing high over the city, visible from Point Loma across the har¬
bor and serving as a landmark for air pilots. The building will
remain as a permanent monument to the part Ford has played
in the up-building of the Pacific coast.

COURT OF PACIFIC NATIONS

Serving as an approach to the central section of the building
and forming the smaller circle of a great figure “8” is the “Court
of Pacific Nations.”

In this court, facing visitors as they approach through the
main entrance and serving as a key to the conception of the en¬
tire Ford Exposition is a circular group of 12 great dioramas, de¬
picting the use of motor cars in each of the 12 great Pacific
nations.

Flanking these on the circular sides of the court are 12 other
dioramas, six on each side, representing pictorially how the 12
principal raw materials—iron, aluminum, zinc and lead, copper,
sillimanite, cotton, wool, soy beans, asbestos and cork—are ex¬
tracted from or produced by the earth to form the modern motor
car.

Beyond the court and towering above the six high glass doors
opening into the industrial halls are a pair of giant murals 40
feet high depicting the development of the civilizations of the
great land areas bordering the Pacific Ocean.

The main Ford building comprises three great industrial halls.
Portrayed in one are principal processes in the fabrication of
. iron and steel into car parts, the manufacture of spark plugs and
ignition wiring and the processing of soy beans into car parts
and oils used in car manufacture and finishing. The latter typifies
the Ford conception of the “Industrialized Farm,” producing and
in some cases partly processing products required in industry.

Magic of Science

In another hall, are housed the scientific exhibits, dis¬
plays of by-products manufactured in Ford industries and
dark room exhibits of a stroboscope, X-ray p h oto s,
the electric eye and a dozen other ultra-modern industrial de¬
vices. In the same section Johansson blocks, made by the Ford
Motor Company, are shown to demonstrate how Ford master
gages are kept accurate to within two-millionths of an inch. In
the same section is a demonstration of methods used in body
design, a “rollover” chassis and a demonstration by trained
mechanics who tear down and build up again a Ford V-8 engine
to show its accessibility and ease of maintenance.

— 61 —

MONTEREY OX WORLD CRUISE AT SAN DIEGO DOCKS

OCEAN LINER INBOUND IN SAN DIEGO HARBOUR OP’F LA PLATA

In a central location in the same hall are displayed three his¬
toric Ford cars, including the first car built by Henry Ford in
1893, the fiirst Model A. Ford in 1903, and close to the
23,000,000th Ford car ever built; the first Model T in 1908. Dur-
ing June the 2,000,000th Ford V-8 will be driven across the con¬
tinent from the Rouge plant in Dearborn, Mich, and put on dis-
play.

The third hall houses laboratory exhibits as well as displays
showing the manufacture of rubber parts, safety glass and color
enamel used in finishing Ford bodies. The laboratory exhibits
demonstrate the. ends to which the technicians of the Ford com¬
pany go to contiol the quality and infinite fineness of measure¬
ments in manufacture of Ford parts.

The building has four lounges and rest rooms. The center of
the open patio is occupied by two pools joined to form a giant
figure 8, with a flowered “V” running through the two pools
to complete the familiar “V-8”.

At night flood lights illuminate the exterior panels of the
building. Colored lighting effects flood a fountain in the patio
pools, as well as the cars on display.

FORD BOWL

In addition to the main building, Ford Exposition visitors will
find a great 3000-seat amphitheater cut into the western slope of
Ford hill. An orchestra shell covers the stage of the amphi¬
theater. There during the exposition season the five great sym¬
phony orchestras of the Pacific coast states, the San Diego., Los
Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle and Portland Symphony Orches¬
tras, will play for the pleasure of Ford Exposition guests.

So sharp is the slope of Ford hill that the top of the orchestra
shell is on a level with the entrance to the Ford Exposition build¬
ing on the summit.

The Ford Bowl is the most accoustically perfect am¬
phitheatre in the world, according to Mr. Verne O. ICnudsen, its
creator. An entirely new design has been perfected for the shell

and the Bowl, which results in the complete elimination of all
echoes.

The shell is 80 feet wide, 40 feet deep and 40 feet high. A
stage in front of the shell is 100 feet wide and 71 feet deep. This
is fronted with a hedge, just back of which is located a bank of
electric lights for color control illumination of the stage. The
shell itself is indirectly lighted.

ROADS OF THE PACIFIC

Both units of the Ford Exposition are located on the most
southern end of a promontory, which is skirted on three sides by

— 54 —

deep canyons, which are the site for the “Roads of the Pacific.”

Fourteen historic travel routes are reproduced in 200-foot sec¬
tions. They make a continuous route more than half a mile in
length along the sides of the arroyo and visitors are able to ride
over them in new Ford V-8 cars. The terrain of each section is
landscaped to suggest the country in which the road runs.

El Camino Real, between San Diego and San Francisco, was
the first route of white men up the Pacific Coast. The Santa Fe
trail, between Independence, Missouri and Santa Fe, New
Mexico, reproduced in natural soil, oiled and packed, was the
route of the prairie schooner trade with Mexico more than a
century ago.

Over the Oregon Trail, between Independence and Portland,
Oregon, passed the gold seekers of 1849.

The Yuma Road, from El Centro, California, to Yuma, Ari¬
zona is a desert sand road “metalled” with sections of plank, be¬
cause of the shifting sands of the Colorado Desert.

Canada is represented by the Cariboo Highway, built 1862-
1865 from Yale, on the Fraser River, several hundred miles to
Barkersville, where one of the richest placer gold deposits in
the world’s history was discovered in 1861.

The Richardson Highway in Alaska, between Valdez and
Fairbanks, another “gold” road, was originally a winter dog sled

trail.

A road which is said once to have been paved with the bones
of men and beasts is the Gold Road between Porto Bello and
Old Panama, across the Isthmus of Panama. Over it passed the
wealth of the Incas, transported in 100-mule convoys enroute
from Peru to the galleys of Spain at Porto Bello.

The Old Spanish Road between Mexico City and San Bias
is of unknown antiquity. The Toltecs, even before the time of
the Aztecs, have been credited with first using the road. It is
represented as a cobblestone pavement.

An Inca highway, which ran from Quito, Equador, southward
through Peru and into Chile was part of a system of several
thousand miles and was built over pathless mountains with gal¬
leries cut for miles through solid rock.

A comparatively modern highway is the Benguet Road, from
the railhead 125 miles from Manila 25 miles to Baguio, the sum¬
mer capital of the Philippine Islands.

Australia is represented by the Ballarat Road. It was paved
with blocks of stone in 1852 to handle the tremendous influx of
diggers and freight after the spectacular discovery of gold in
huge quantities at Ballarat in 1851.

— 65

i

THE MELVILLE OF U. S. FLEET AND FLOTILLA OF DESTROYERS

*1 he Summer Palace Road from Peking 1 , Manchu capital of
China, to the Summer Palaces built in 1709 by the Emperor
K’Ang Hsi, is paved with large blocks of stone typical of Chinese
paved roads.

During the feudal period in Japan (1608-1876), the Mikado’s
court was at Kyoto, but the Shogunate, which controlled the ad¬
ministration of the kingdom, was at Tokyo, 323 miles away. The
Tokaido Road was built to accommodate the heavy traffic be¬
tween the two most important centres of the kingdom.

The Great North Road, between Aukland and Wellington in
the North Island of New Zealand, was built as a military road
by the British at the time of the Maori War, about 1840.

GOLDEN GULCH

Golden Gulch is located in a deep twisting gulch that winds
along in lear of the Palace of Modern Homes and is reached
by stage coaches and burros which form the only mode of in¬
gress. It is an exact replica of a days of 49 gold camp.

Buried beneath a verdant canopy of trees shacks of sour¬
doughs made from actual timbers of the gold rush days present
a realistic picture of that colorful era.

An old, wooden door, warped by the winds and rains of more
than foui score years, adds a note of authenticity to the scene,
while the Chinese Laundry, iron-barred bank, blacksmith shop,
souidough shacks, sheriff s office and jail and hitching posts line
the streets of the camp.

Throughout the length of Golden Gulch are found men and
machines performing the tasks common to the kaleidoscopic era
of gold.

The Kavajo Indian shop presents jewelry workers, rug and
blanket weavers and other craftsmen.

On nearby Jackass Hill is a replica of Mark Twain’s cabin,
where books are sold.

1 he Plangtown Tree flaunts a dummy suspended in midair,
grim reminder of lynch law of the old west.

A music store offers a full line of old western records, cow¬
boy songs, reels, dances and sheet music.

The mine shaft elevator offers a 1000-foot ride into the bowels
of the earth by means of vertical panorama and practical five-foot
drop. An actual hole in the hillside with a tunnel at the bottom
of this drop conveys the visitors out through a different exit.

Twice daily there will be a stage coach hold-up together with
^ athletic tourneys, whip cracking contests and other features.

1 lie memory of Gen. John A. Sutter will be honored on Sutter
day and California s native sons will have their special day, too.

Old Globe Theatre

In the rear of the Palace of Science is the Old Globe Theatre
which came here from the English Village at the Chicago World
Fair. This is the reproduction of the old Globe Theatre of Lon¬

— 68 —

don in which Shakespeare and other dramatists and actors of
the Elizabethan era were interested.

Eight of the best known works of the Bard of Avon are pro¬
duced in brief under the aegis of Thomas Wood Stevens, noted
director and Shakespearian authority, who directed the theater
at the Chicago World’s fair. The plays in the Old Globe Theater
repertory, include “Julius Caesar,” “A Midsummer Night’s
Dream,” “All’s Well That Ends Well,” “King Lear,” “Macbeth,”
“As You Like It,” and “The Comedy of Errors,” as well as
Marlowe’s “Dr. Faustus.”

Except for Marlowe’s play, all plays are presented without
stage scenery and as nearly true to the original productions of
Shakespeare’s time as documents warrant.

LIGHTING

America’s Exposition strikes a new note in nocturnal beauty.
Instead of the glaring brilliancy so marked at other expositions,
the California Pacific International Exposition offers a night
scene hitherto unrevealed.

This is accomplished through use of color screens on con¬
cealed floodlights, cast against the exhibit palaces in such a man¬
ner as to accentuate their architectural perfection. Also, color¬
ed floods cast their soft rays against trees and shrubbery.

Naturally, the Amusement Zone is brightly illuminated.

When the entire United States Fleet holds its two concentra¬
tions here in June and again in August, the brilliancy offered
by the searchlights of the vessels sweeping the skies from San
Diego Bay will make an electrical illumination show never
before witnessed on the Pacific Coast.

BALBOA PARK A TROPICAL PARADISE

The 1400-acre plot which comprises Balboa park contains 300
varieties of trees, including some of the most rare specimens
in the world.

Among these are rubber trees, native of Australia, Chile,
China, Bengal and Brazil, cork trees of Spain; Japanese oaks and
15 types of palms. The park contains 40 varieties of eucalyptus,
35 of acacia and 15 kinds of pine trees, including one very rare
specimen, native of the Canary islands.

Practically every country in the world is represented by its na¬
tive trees growing in Balboa park.

Giant eucalyptus trees line the walks and paths. Flower gar¬
dens that have reached the height of their beauty in cultivation
in recent years could not be reproduced in any similar show.
Broad green lawns stretch away in all directions.

All of Balboa Park is a riot of tropical and sub-tropical growth.
Flora which is, in many parts of the country, regarded as hot¬
house growth, blooms openly in Balboa Park.

— 69 —

MISSION BEACH AMUSEMENT CENTER

NORTH ISLAND, AND U. S. NAVAL AIR STATION IN SAN DIEGO BAY

California Pacific International Expositi

1 Natural History

2 Park Service Yard

3 Girl Scouts

4 Spanish Village

5 Indian Pueblo

7 Zoo

8 Turtle Farm

9 Japanese Group

10 Botanical Building

j2 j Foods and Beverages

13 The Modern Home

14 The Model Home

15 House of Hospitality

16 Cafe of the World

17 Palace of Fine Arts

18 Spreckels Organ

19 Palace of Science and Photo.

20 House of Charm

21 Zoological Research

22 San Diego Museum

23 Park Board

24 San Diego Museum Annex

25 Alcazar Garden

26 Palisades

27 Firestone Fountain

28 Palace of Education

29 Foreign Nations Haciendas

30 Floral Building

31 Electric Sub Station

32 Fire Station

33 Bank and Information

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34 Women’s Palace

35 State Building

36 Music Bowl

37 Electricity and Varied Industries

38 Ford Building

39 Standard Oil Company

40 Christian Science Monitor

41 Federal Building

42

43 Palisades Restaurant

44 Zoro Gardens

45 Tile and Pottery Building

46 Miss America

47 Glass Blowers

48 Midget City

49 Midget Farm

50 Water and Transportation

51 Public Toilets

52 Life Building

53 Federal Housing Administration Exhibit

54 Boulder Dam

55 Shell Oil Company

56 Public Toilets

57 Two-Headed Baby

58 Plaza Tower

59 Golden Gulch

60 Globe Theatre

61 California Gardens

X Canadian Legion

(3) to (15) Refreshment Stands

BOTANICAL. BUILDING AND LAGOON,

PALACE OF FINE ARTS